Understanding the Fiscal Calendar in Turkey: A Comprehensive Overview

In Turkey, like in many other countries, the fiscal calendar plays a crucial role in the financial management of businesses and government entities.

The fiscal calendar determines the beginning and end of the financial year, as well as the reporting periods for taxation and financial statements. In this article, we will explore the fiscal calendar in Turkey, its structure, key dates, and its significance for businesses and individuals.

Structure of the Fiscal Calendar in Turkey

The fiscal calendar in Turkey follows a calendar year system, with the financial year starting on January 1st and ending on December 31st. This aligns with the Gregorian calendar used internationally. The fiscal year in Turkey is divided into four quarters, each consisting of three months. These quarters are as follows:

1. First Quarter: January, February, and March
2. Second Quarter: April, May, and June
3. Third Quarter: July, August, and September
4. Fourth Quarter: October, November, and December

Key Dates and Reporting Periods

Various key dates and reporting periods are associated with the fiscal calendar in Turkey. Let’s take a closer look at some of the important ones:

1. Tax Year: The tax year in Turkey corresponds to the fiscal year and runs from January 1st to December 31st. It is during this period that individuals and businesses generate income, incur expenses, and calculate their tax liabilities.
2. Tax Declarations and Payments: Individuals and businesses in Turkey are required to file tax declarations and make tax payments at specific intervals. For income tax, individuals are generally required to file their annual tax declarations by the end of March of the following year. However, it’s important to note that tax deadlines may vary, and it is advisable to consult with a tax professional or refer to official sources for up-to-date information.
3. Financial Statements: Companies registered in Turkey are obligated to prepare financial statements in accordance with Turkish Accounting Standards (TAS) and report their financial performance periodically. Generally, businesses must prepare annual financial statements within four months following the end of the fiscal year.
4. Value Added Tax (VAT): VAT is an indirect tax imposed on the sale of goods and services. In Turkey, VAT returns are usually submitted on a monthly basis by the 26th day of the following month. However, businesses with lower sales volumes may have the option to submit VAT returns on a quarterly basis.

Significance for Businesses and Individuals

The fiscal calendar plays a pivotal role in financial planning, budgeting, and reporting for both businesses and individuals in Turkey. Here are some key aspects highlighting its significance:

1. Compliance: Adhering to the fiscal calendar ensures compliance with tax laws and regulations in Turkey. By meeting reporting and payment deadlines, individuals and businesses can avoid penalties, fines, or other legal repercussions.
2. Financial Planning: The fiscal calendar provides a structured framework for financial planning and budgeting. It allows businesses and individuals to forecast revenue, allocate resources, and set financial goals based on the specific reporting periods.
3. Business Performance Evaluation: The fiscal calendar facilitates the evaluation of business performance over defined periods. By analyzing financial statements and tax returns, companies can assess their profitability, identify trends, and make informed decisions to drive growth and efficiency.
4. Tax Planning: The fiscal calendar provides a timeline for tax planning strategies. Businesses can strategize income recognition, expense management, and tax deductions to optimize their tax liabilities within the legal framework.

Conclusion

The fiscal calendar in Turkey serves as a cornerstone for financial management and reporting, ensuring compliance with tax laws and facilitating effective financial planning. By understanding the structure of the fiscal year, key dates, and reporting periods, businesses and individuals can navigate the Turkish taxation system more efficiently, avoid penalties, and make informed financial decisions. Staying up-to-date with any changes or updates in the fiscal calendar is essential, and seeking professional advice when needed can help individuals and businesses effectively manage their financial obligations in Turkey.

Azkan Group can support you in your Employer of Record (EOR) and payroll requests (also called Umbrella Company) in Turkey. We can manage your HR requests even if you don’t have a legal entity in Turkey.